The sandfly vector is responsible for transmission of leishmaniasis from persons and animal reservoirs. We target building a knowledge base in the program and the community that is vital to its control. This includes the predominant sandfly species, their relative abundance and distribution, the circulating Leishmania parasites responsible for disease and the infection rate, the important reservoir and determinants of transmission, their preferred breeding habitats and geographic and ecological features associated with their distribution and abundance. Mapping all these dynamics enables us to determine transmission hotspots to design community appropriate and effective vector control approaches. We distribute insecticide treated nets (ITNs), track inactive anthills where sand flies breed and conduct community demonstrations on how to better insulate huts against sandflies and destroy anthills as part of environmental modifications targeted to lowering human-vector contact.